09月11日

Born in 1182, Minamoto no Yoriie succeeded his father, Minamoto no Yoritomo, as the second shogun of the Kamakura shogunate. His rule was overshadowed by the Hōjō clan, especially his mother, Hōjō Masako, who wielded significant influence. He struggled to assert authority amid court intrigue and power struggles with rival factions. In 1203, he was deposed by Hōjō Tokimasa and confined, ending his brief rule. The following year, Yoriie was assassinated, an event that cemented Hōjō control over the shogunate.

Born in 1617, Asano Mitsuakira succeeded his father as the leader of the Hiroshima Domain. He managed extensive landholdings in present-day Hiroshima Prefecture, overseeing agricultural development and domain governance. Mitsuakira is credited with promoting castle town improvements and supporting local crafts and trade. His administration maintained stability during a period of national peace under the Tokugawa shogunate. He ruled until his death in 1693, leaving a well-managed domain that continued to thrive under his successors.

Born in 1719, Tanuma Okitsugu rose through the ranks of the Tokugawa bureaucracy to become a powerful rōjū (senior councilor). During his tenure in the 1760s and 1770s, he introduced mercantilist policies, promoted domestic industry, and relaxed trade restrictions to address fiscal deficits. His era saw increased commodity production and urban growth, but also allegations of corruption and nepotism. Political opposition mounted, culminating in his removal in 1786. Despite his controversial downfall, Tanuma's reforms paved the way for later modernization efforts in Japan. He died in 1788, remembered as a bold but polarizing figure in Edo governance.

Born in 1725, Aoyama Yukimichi became the second daimyō of Miyazu Domain in present-day Kyoto Prefecture. In 1758, he was transferred to rule the newly created Gujō Domain in Mino Province, managing its economic and administrative affairs. Yukimichi focused on agricultural improvements, fiscal reforms, and the welfare of his retainers. He supported education and local craftsmanship to strengthen domain resilience. His governance is noted for maintaining peace and prosperity during an era of national stability under the Tokugawa regime. He passed away in 1779, leaving a legacy of diligent leadership.

Born in 1811, Miyake Yasunao succeeded as leader of Tahara Domain in present-day Aichi Prefecture. His tenure occurred during the turbulent Bakumatsu era, which saw internal unrest and the opening of Japan to foreign influence. Yasunao implemented administrative reforms to strengthen his domain's finances and defense. He witnessed the fall of the Tokugawa shogunate and the Meiji Restoration, which abolished the han system in 1871. Adaptable to change, he and his retainers transitioned into the new imperial government structure. Miyake Yasunao died in 1893, one of the last former daimyō to experience Japan's rapid modernization.

1863年に生まれ、博文館を設立して雑誌『少年倶楽部』『婦人公論』などを刊行し、近代日本の出版文化発展に寄与。衆議院議員として活動し、教育振興や言論の自由を支持。また、地方産業の振興にも関心を寄せ、地域紙の支援を通じて地方自治の発展を後押しした。晩年は社会事業にも尽力し、1944年に逝去。彼の業績は戦前の日本におけるマスメディアの基盤を築いた点で高く評価される。

フェルディナンド・マルコス（1917-1989）はフィリピンの政治家、第10代大統領を務めました。1965年に当選後、1972年に戒厳令を宣言して権力を集中させ、長期政権を維持しました。政権末期の不正蓄財疑惑や民衆の反発から1986年の「ピープルパワー革命」で追放され、その後ハワイで亡くなりました。

1965年にダマスカスで生まれ、父はハーフェズ・アル＝アサド大統領。 英国で医学を学び、眼科医師として勤務した後、2000年に父の死去に伴い大統領に就任。 アラブの春に対する厳しい弾圧で国際的批判を浴び、シリア内戦が長期化。 欧米諸国から制裁を受けながらも長期政権を維持している。 政治的・人道的な議論を呼ぶ指導者として知られる。