08月20日

Pope Pius VII, born Barnaba Niccolò Maria Luigi Chiaramonti in 1742, ascended to the papacy in 1800 amid the aftermath of the French Revolution. He navigated a complex relationship with Napoleon Bonaparte, enduring exile and political pressure during the Napoleonic Wars. Pius VII restored the Society of Jesus and worked to reorganize dioceses disrupted by secularization. He strengthened the Church's spiritual and administrative structures and commissioned significant artistic projects in Rome. His resilience helped maintain Catholic authority during a time of upheaval. He died in 1823, revered for his diplomatic skill and steadfast leadership.

ピウス10世（ジョヴァンニ・バッティスタ・マントヴァネッリ）は1835年に生まれ、1903年に教皇に選出。 在位中、教義の純粋性を守るため反モダニズム運動を展開し、多くの疑わしき著作を禁書目録に収載。 教会法や典礼改革を進め、聖体拝領を推奨する教令を発布。 司教職の改革や教区再編にも取り組み、カトリック教会の統率を強化。 1914年に亡くなり、教皇としての一貫した保守主義が後世に影響を与えた。