05月30日

François-Marie Arouet, known by his pen name Voltaire, was born in 1694 and became one of the most influential figures of the 18th century. His prolific output included plays, essays, historical works, and philosophical treatises that championed reason, free speech, and religious tolerance. Voltaire's satirical novella Candide remains one of the most celebrated critiques of optimism and social injustice. He spent years in exile and correspondence with European monarchs, using his position to advocate for reform and challenge authority. His salon at Ferney attracted intellectuals from across Europe, cementing his role as a central figure in the Enlightenment. Voltaire died in 1778, leaving a legacy as a fearless critic and visionary thinker.

1856年に生まれたゲオルギー・プレハーノフは、マルクス主義をロシアに紹介した社会主義思想家です。ナロードニキを批判し、ロシア社会民主労働党の理論的基盤を築きました。スイスへの亡命中に多数の著作を執筆し、1905年のロシア第一革命後に帰国しました。ボリシェヴィキとは路線を異にし続け、生涯を通じて理論的活動を貫いた点が特徴です。