05月23日

Born in Tours, France, in 1905, Paul Nizan studied philosophy at the École Normale Supérieure alongside Jean-Paul Sartre. He published essays and articles advocating Marxist theory and critiquing bourgeois society. Nizan's 1931 novel 'Aden Arabie' drew on his experiences in the Middle East and offered a scathing portrayal of colonialism. He volunteered for service and was killed in action near Sedan in May 1940. Nizan's work was rediscovered by existentialist and Marxist thinkers after World War II, cementing his reputation as a compelling literary and political voice.

Born in Tokyo in 1873, Tatsukichi Minobe graduated from the University of Tokyo and became a professor of constitutional law. His 1910 publication of the emperor organ theory posited that the emperor functioned as an organ of the state rather than its sovereign. This controversial interpretation challenged ultranationalist views and sparked intense political debates throughout the 1920s and 1930s. Despite facing legal challenges and pressure to resign, Minobe continued to advocate for constitutionalism and the rule of law. After World War II, his theories influenced the drafting of Japan's postwar constitution, cementing his legacy in Japanese legal history.

熊十力（1885-1968）は中国の新儒家思想家です。 伝統的な儒教を現代に適用する新儒学を提唱し、その理論を発展させました。 儒教の根本原理を現代社会に照らし合わせて研究対象としました。 教育者としても活躍し、多くの門下生を育成しました。 その思想は中国国内の学術界だけでなく、海外の儒学研究にも影響を与えました。 彼の業績は20世紀の中国思想界に大きな足跡を残しました。