December 24

Shi Hongzhao was a prominent general who served the Later Han dynasty in a time of great fragmentation following the Tang dynasty’s collapse. He gained renown for his leadership on the battlefield and his ability to secure strategic strongholds. Under Emperor Gaozu of Later Han, he led campaigns to repel rival warlords and stabilize the northern regions. His loyalty and martial skill earned him high rank and respect among his peers. However, court intrigues and factionalism ultimately enveloped him, contributing to the dynasty’s instability. He was killed in 950 during a power struggle that foreshadowed the Later Han’s decline.

Born in 1797, José Mariano Salas built a military career that led him to high command during the turbulent years of Mexico's early republic. He first assumed the presidency on an interim basis in 1846 following political upheaval and later again in 1859 amid civil conflict. A supporter of conservative causes, Salas played a key role in bringing Ferdinand Maximilian to the Mexican throne, serving as regent of the Second Mexican Empire. His decisions during the Mexican–American War and the Reform Wars impacted the nation's trajectory. Despite controversy over his imperial alliance, Salas remains a significant figure for his administrative skills and military leadership. He died in 1867, leaving behind a complex legacy in Mexican history.

Stephen Mosher Wood was born in 1832 and served as a lieutenant in the United States military. After his military service, he pursued a career in politics, holding various local and state offices. He was involved in civic and community affairs, advocating for veterans and public welfare. Wood's dual roles reflected a commitment to both national service and public leadership. While specific details of his political achievements are limited, his career illustrates the close ties between military and civic duty in his era.

François Darlan was born in 1881 and embarked on a naval career that saw him serve with distinction during World War I. He climbed the ranks to Vice Admiral and held key commands in the interwar French Navy. Following France's defeat in 1940, Darlan joined the Vichy regime and was appointed Prime Minister in 1941. As the 122nd Prime Minister, he attempted to navigate a complex relationship between the Vichy government, Germany, and the Allies. His tenure ended abruptly when he was assassinated in December 1942, at age 61. Darlan's actions and motives remain subjects of historical debate, reflecting the moral complexities of wartime leadership.

Karl Dönitz began his naval career during World War I, rising to command Germany's U-boat fleet in World War II. He was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Kriegsmarine and achieved early successes against Allied shipping. After Hitler's death in April 1945, Dönitz briefly became President of Germany and head of state of the Flensburg government. Following Germany's surrender, he was tried at Nuremberg for war crimes and sentenced to ten years in prison. Released in 1956, he spent his remaining years writing memoirs and advocating for the naval tradition. His role as both military strategist and political figure remains a complex part of 20th-century history.

Maurice Couve de Murville (1907-1999) began his career as a soldier and diplomat before entering politics. He served as Foreign Minister under Charles de Gaulle and played a key role in shaping France's post-war foreign policy. In 1968, he was appointed Prime Minister and led the government during the aftermath of the May 1968 protests. Couve de Murville oversaw economic reforms and maintained political stability during a turbulent period. After leaving office in 1969, he continued to influence French public life through writing and commentary.

João Figueiredo (1918-1999) was a Brazilian army general and the last president of Brazil's military regime. He took office in 1979 and initiated a gradual political abertura leading to direct elections. Figueiredo faced economic challenges and social unrest but maintained a cautious transition to democracy. He introduced reforms that paved the way for civilian rule and negotiated amnesty for political exiles. After leaving office in 1985, he retired from public life and remained a controversial figure in Brazilian history.

Born in 1923, Charles Durning served as an infantryman in World War II, earning the Bronze Star and Purple Heart. After the war, he pursued acting, appearing on Broadway and in over 200 films and television shows. He received two Academy Award nominations for his roles in Tootsie and The Best Little Whorehouse in Texas. Durning was praised for his versatility, with credits ranging from drama to comedy. His memorable performances include roles in Dog Day Afternoon and O Brother, Where Art Thou? He also won a Tony Award for his stage work, cementing his status as a respected performer. He passed away in 2012, leaving behind a prolific body of work that continues to inspire actors.