December 04

Omar Khayyám was born in 1048 and became one of the most versatile scholars of medieval Persia. He authored the Rubáiyát, a collection of quatrains that reflect deep philosophical insights and poetic mastery. As an astronomer, he revised the Persian calendar to great accuracy, influencing later timekeeping. His work in algebra and geometry addressed the solutions of cubic equations and geometric proofs. Khayyám's blend of scientific rigor and philosophical thought continues to fascinate readers and researchers around the world.

Alexander Hume was born in 1560 into a respected Perthshire family and educated at the University of St Andrews. Ordained as a minister in Logie, he combined pastoral duties with poetic composition, publishing 'Hymnes and Songs of the Church' in 1599. His works blended Scots vernacular with religious themes, contributing to the Scottish literary renaissance. An advocate for church paraphrases, he influenced worship through accessible and emotive language. Hume maintained correspondence with leading reformers and poets of his era. His dual legacy as cleric and poet endured long after his death in 1609.

William Drummond of Hawthornden was born in 1585 near Edinburgh and became one of Scotland's first celebrated poets. He gained acclaim for works such as 'Tears on the Death of Moeliades' and 'Forth Feasting', which showcased his mastery of classical forms and vivid nature imagery. Drummond traveled extensively across Europe, serving as a diplomat and collecting books that enriched his literary knowledge. His estate at Hawthornden became a hub for intellectuals and writers, cementing his reputation as a leading literary figure. Influenced by Italian and French Renaissance poetry, he introduced new stylistic elements to Scottish verse, emphasizing emotion and elegance. Drummond's contributions laid the groundwork for the flourishing of Scottish literature long after his death in 1649.

John Gay was born in 1685 in Barnstaple, England, and became a prominent figure in the London literary and theatrical scene. His ballad opera 'The Beggar's Opera', premiered in 1728, became a sensational hit for its witty satire of politics and society and reshaped the theatre world. Gay authored poems and fables characterized by their humor, social commentary, and melodic verse, including 'Fables by Mr. Gay'. He was a member of the Scriblerus Club alongside Jonathan Swift and Alexander Pope, contributing to the era's literary innovations. Gay's works often critiqued corruption and hypocrisy, resonating with audiences across classes. He died in 1732, remembered as a key architect of early 18th-century British satire and drama.

Born in Bingen am Rhein in 1868, Stefan George became a central figure in German-language symbolism. His lyrical poetry blended classical forms with rich imagery, influencing early 20th-century writers. George founded the 'George Circle,' a literary group that shaped modernist thought and aesthetics. He translated works of Baudelaire, Dante, and others, enriching German literature. George's strict artistic ideals and charismatic personality left a lasting cultural impact. He died in 1933, remembered as one of the foremost German poets of his era.

Fritz Löhner-Beda, born in 1883, was a prolific librettist and lyricist in Vienna's vibrant musical scene. He penned texts for celebrated composers like Franz Lehár, contributing to works such as "Giuditta" and "Das Land des Lächelns." His witty and poignant lyrics helped define the golden age of Viennese operetta. Despite his success, Löhner-Beda faced persecution after Austria’s annexation by Nazi Germany in 1938. He was arrested for his Jewish heritage and tragically died in a concentration camp in 1942. His artistic legacy endures through recordings and revivals of the operettas he helped create.

Arnold Lobel was an American author and illustrator celebrated for his charming children’s books. He co-created the beloved 'Frog and Toad' series, earning critical acclaim for its warm storytelling and illustrations. Lobel won a Caldecott Honor for his picture book 'Fables,' showcasing his talent in visual and verbal storytelling. He served as an art teacher and held exhibitions of his artwork, reflecting his dual passion for art and literature. His gentle humor and heartfelt narratives continue to enchant young readers worldwide.

Margaret Landon was an American missionary and author celebrated for her bestselling novel 'Anna and the King of Siam.' Based on her experiences in Thailand, the book offered Western audiences a glimpse into Siamese court life and culture. Her work inspired the Rodgers and Hammerstein musical 'The King and I,' cementing her influence on theater and film. Landon's missionary efforts and teaching role in Thailand shaped her deep appreciation for cross-cultural exchange. Through her novels and memoirs, she fostered greater understanding between Eastern and Western societies.

Errol Brathwaite was born in Christchurch in 1924 and served with the New Zealand Army during World War II. After the war, he transitioned to journalism and later became a celebrated author of historical fiction and non-fiction. His works, including the Kolani trilogy, drew heavily on his military experiences and brought Pacific conflicts to life. Brathwaite was praised for his vivid storytelling, meticulous research, and authentic portrayal of soldiers' lives. Beyond fiction, he wrote biographies and historical accounts that contributed to public understanding of New Zealand's past. He passed away in 2005, leaving behind a legacy as one of the country's most respected military historians and novelists.

A leading figure in the 'village prose' movement, Vasily Belov wrote novels, short stories, and poems centered on peasant communities. His notable works include the novel 'Business as Usual' and the short story collection 'The Last Harvest'. Belov's writings explored themes of tradition, morality, and the challenges faced by rural populations under modernization. He also penned plays that brought his characters' struggles to the stage and contributed to cultural discussions. His literary contributions earned him the USSR State Prize in 1970 and the State Prize of the Russian Federation in 2002.

Born in Barcelona, Joana Raspall wrote poetry, novels, and children's books primarily in Catalan. Her lyrical style and attention to everyday themes resonated with readers of all ages. Raspall also worked as a lexicographer, contributing to Catalan language dictionaries. She received several awards for her literary work, including the Creu de Sant Jordi. Her dedication to education and literature made her a cherished figure in Catalan cultural life.

Claudia Emerson published her debut collection 'Pharaoh, Pharaoh' in 1997 and won the Pulitzer Prize for 'Late Wife' in 2006. Her work is known for its emotional depth, precise language, and exploration of personal and historical themes. Emerson taught creative writing at George Mason University and the University of Mary Washington. She authored several collections including 'Pinion: An Elegy' and 'Secure the Shadow'. Her contributions to contemporary poetry were recognized with fellowships from the Guggenheim Foundation and the NEA.