November 23

Born in India in the early 20th century, Shah authored over 30 books exploring Sufi wisdom and traditional tales. He wrote influential works such as The Sufis and Caravan of Dreams which introduced complex ideas in engaging narratives. He established Sufi study circles throughout Europe and North America to foster cross-cultural dialogue. Shah emphasized the universal aspects of Sufi teachings beyond formal religion. His accessible style influenced Western approaches to psychology and spirituality. His legacy endures in the continued study and practice of Sufi traditions around the world.

Costanzo Preve (1943–2013) was an Italian philosopher whose work focused on Marxist theory and political philosophy. Born in Valenza, he studied under notable thinkers and served as a professor at the University of Turin. Preve authored numerous books analyzing the evolution of socialism, capitalism, and postmodern critique. He engaged in public debates and conferences across Europe, advocating for a humanist reinterpretation of Marxism. His clear prose and rigorous analysis influenced scholars and activists seeking alternative political frameworks. Preve’s writings remain a key reference in contemporary continental philosophy.