September 16

On September 16, 1810, priest Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla rang the bell of the Dolores parish church and delivered the historic 'Grito de Dolores,' calling for Mexican independence. This act launched the Mexican War of Independence, ending over 300 years of Spanish colonial rule. Known as Fiestas Patrias, the anniversary is celebrated nationwide with parades, fireworks, and re-enactments of the original cry. The President of Mexico reenacts the Grito from the balcony of the National Palace in Mexico City every year. Citizens decorate plazas with the national colors, and traditional music and cuisine feature prominently. Schools and communities honor the heroes of the independence movement through cultural events and educational programs.

Papua New Guinea became a sovereign nation on September 16, 1975, after gaining independence from Australia. The day is marked with flag-raising ceremonies, military parades, and cultural performances showcasing the country’s tribal heritage. In the capital, Port Moresby, a national celebration includes speeches by political leaders and traditional dances. Rural communities hold local festivals featuring music, art, and handicrafts. Independence Day reinforces national pride and unity among Papua New Guinea’s diverse ethnic groups. Schools and civic organizations participate in sports competitions and community service projects to honor the occasion.

Observed on September 16, Martyrs' Day is Libya’s commemoration of freedom fighters who sacrificed their lives resisting Italian colonization. The date marks the execution of national hero Omar al-Mukhtar in 1931, a symbol of Libyan resistance. Official ceremonies include wreath-laying at the Martyrs’ monument in Benghazi and other remembrance events across the country. Speeches by government leaders highlight the bravery and unity of the Libyan people in their pursuit of sovereignty. Schools and community groups participate in educational programs that celebrate the values of courage and patriotism. Throughout the day, moments of silence and patriotic recitals underscore the nation’s tribute to its fallen heroes.