Sunflower
Common Sunflower Annual Sunflower

Scientific Name: Helianthus annuus
Family: Asteraceae

Flower Language

  • glory
  • adoration
  • looking only at you

Characteristics

Colors:

Description

Sunflower is an annual plant of the aster family from North America, with the scientific name 'Helianthus' meaning 'sun flower' in Greek. It grows up to 3 meters tall and produces large yellow flowers from summer to autumn. The flower is actually a composite of many small flowers called a head, with yellow ray flowers on the outside and darker disc flowers inside. The seeds are used for food and oil production and were already an important crop for Native Americans before the Common Era. It only follows the sun during the bud stage; after blooming, it remains facing east.

Trivia

  • Became world-famous through Van Gogh's 'Sunflowers' series
  • NASA is researching it as a food source in space
  • Mathematically beautiful flower with seed arrangements following Fibonacci sequence
  • World's tallest sunflower recorded at over 9 meters high

Uses

Ornamental
  • Cut flower arrangements
  • Summer garden decoration
  • Large-scale landscape planting
Medicinal
  • Seeds rich in vitamin E
  • Antioxidant properties
  • Cardiovascular health support

Caution: Caution for those with nut allergies

Culinary
  • seeds
  • buds
Other
  • Sunflower oil production
  • Pet food
  • Biofuel
  • Soil improvement

Toxicity

Symptoms: Generally safe and edible

Water Lily
Nymphaea Pond Lily

Scientific Name: Nymphaea alba
Family: Nymphaeaceae

Flower Language

  • overly sensitive heart
  • pure heart
  • trust
  • faith

Characteristics

Colors:

Description

Water lily is a perennial aquatic plant with about 40 species distributed in tropical, subtropical, and temperate regions worldwide. It floats characteristic round leaves with notches on the water surface of ponds and lakes, producing beautiful 5-10 cm flowers above water. Most open their petals in the morning and close them in the afternoon, repeating this cycle for several days. The scientific name 'Nymphaea' comes from the water nymph, and the Japanese name 'sleeping lotus' comes from how the flowers close like sleeping in the evening.

Trivia

  • Monet's 'Water Lilies' series spans over 200 paintings created throughout his lifetime
  • Depicted in ancient Egyptian tombs as symbols of rebirth and resurrection
  • Flowers open and close repeatedly for 3-4 days before sinking underwater
  • Japanese 'hitsuji-gusa' was said to bloom at 2 PM (hour of the sheep)

Uses

Ornamental
  • Ornamental for ponds and water gardens
  • Water feature elements in gardens
  • Aquarium decoration
Medicinal
  • Rhizomes have astringent properties
  • Used in traditional folk medicine

Caution: Medicinal use should be under professional guidance

Culinary
  • rhizomes
  • seeds
Other
  • Water purification
  • Ecosystem conservation
  • Artistic motif

Toxicity

Toxicity Level: Mild

Toxic Parts: rhizomes of some species

Symptoms: Some species may have mild toxicity, proper identification is important

Yellow Water Lily
Spatterdock East Asian Yellow Water Lily

Scientific Name: Nuphar japonica
Family: Nymphaeaceae

Flower Language

  • hidden affection
  • sublime
  • that love is dangerous

Characteristics

Colors:

Description

Kouhone is a perennial aquatic plant endemic to Japan in the water lily family, growing in shallow ponds and marshes from Hokkaido to Kyushu. It extends leaves from white rhizomes that creep horizontally through bottom mud, either rising above the water surface or floating on it. In summer, it produces yellow flowers 3-5 cm in diameter at the tips of long flower stalks. The name comes from the white, bumpy rhizomes underwater that resemble bones, hence 'river bone' in Japanese.

Trivia

  • Name 'river bone' comes from white rhizomes underwater resembling bones
  • Officially recognized as medicinal herb 'senkotsu' in Japanese Pharmacopoeia
  • Precious plant designated as endangered species in some regions
  • Historic flower beloved by Japanese since the Manyoshu era

Uses

Ornamental
  • Japanese garden ponds
  • Natural garden water features
  • Biotope plantings
Medicinal
  • Rhizomes used as medicinal herb 'senkotsu'
  • Diuretic, blood purifying, and sedative effects
  • Used for menstrual disorders and blood circulation

Caution: Medicinal use must be under professional guidance

Culinary

Not for culinary use, medicinal only.

Other
  • Wetland ecosystem conservation
  • Water purification
  • Wildlife habitat

Toxicity

Toxicity Level: Mild

Toxic Parts: rhizomes

Symptoms: Improperly processed rhizomes may cause gastrointestinal disorders

Azalea
Indian Azalea Belgian Azalea

Scientific Name: Rhododendron simsii
Family: Ericaceae

Flower Language

  • temperance
  • abstinence
  • joy of love
  • happy to be loved by you

Characteristics

Colors:

Description

Azalea is a collective term for evergreen azaleas improved in Europe, centered in Belgium, in the early 19th century as indoor ornamental potted plants. They were created through complex hybridization of Taiwan azaleas with Kerama azaleas and satsuki azaleas. These shrubs grow to 1-1.5 meters tall with a natural blooming period of April-May, though greenhouse cultivation allows year-round flowering. The name comes from the Latin 'azaleos' meaning 'dry,' reflecting their preference for dry soil.

Trivia

  • 'Reverse-imported' plant with Japanese azaleas improved in Belgium
  • Flower language of 'temperance' comes from preference for dry soil
  • Cold-sensitive due to breeding for indoor cultivation
  • Sparked indoor gardening boom in 19th century Belgium

Uses

Ornamental
  • Indoor potted ornamental
  • Garden shrub
  • Flower arrangements
Medicinal
  • No particular medicinal uses

Caution: Mild toxicity as a member of the heath family

Culinary

Not edible.

Other
  • Greenhouse horticulture
  • Landscape shrub

Toxicity

Toxicity Level: Mild

Toxic Parts: leaves, flowers, bark

Symptoms: Mild toxicity as heath family member, ingestion may cause gastrointestinal discomfort