June 20

Adam Ferguson (1723–1816) was a leading figure of the Scottish Enlightenment, known for his philosophical and historical writings. His most influential work, 'An Essay on the History of Civil Society' (1767), explored the development of political and social institutions. Ferguson taught at the University of Edinburgh and mentored thinkers like James Mill and Sir Walter Scott. He emphasized the roles of commerce, manners, and military service in shaping civil society and government. A proponent of empiricism, his analyses combined historical case studies with philosophical insight. His ideas influenced subsequent sociologists and political theorists, cementing his reputation as a foundational social thinker.

Christian von Ehrenfels was born in Prague in 1859 and studied philosophy and law before turning to psychology. His 1890 essay "On Gestalt Qualities" introduced the concept of Gestalt, emphasizing holistic perception. Ehrenfels served as a professor at the University of Vienna and influenced later thinkers like Max Wertheimer. He explored sexual ethics, social reform, and the philosophy of mind in his extensive writings. His work challenged atomistic views of perception, arguing for the primacy of structured wholes. Despite political turmoil and exile, he continued to develop his theories into his later years. Ehrenfels died in 1932, recognized as a founding figure in Gestalt psychology.

Athol Williams combines poetic expression with rigorous philosophical inquiry. His poetry collections delve into the human condition and societal transformation. As a social philosopher, he addresses issues of corporate ethics, governance, and leadership. He has lectured internationally on the intersection of creativity and social change. Through his work, he seeks to inspire ethical action and community upliftment.