June 08

Thomas James Higgins was born in 1831 in Toronto, Canada before emigrating to the United States. He enlisted in the Union Army during the American Civil War, serving as a sergeant in the 70th Indiana Infantry. At the Siege of Vicksburg in 1863, Higgins carried critical orders through intense enemy fire, an act that proved pivotal for his comrades. Decades later, he received the Medal of Honor in 1895 in recognition of his valor. After the war, he lived a quiet life in Indiana and worked in civil service. Higgins died in 1917, and his courageous actions at Vicksburg remain a testament to his dedication and gallantry.

John R. Deane Jr. was born in 1919 and dedicated over three decades to military service. He saw action in World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War, earning multiple commendations for leadership and valor. Deane served as commander of the U.S. Army Pacific and as Assistant Chief of Staff for Intelligence, shaping strategic military planning. Known for his expertise in logistics and intelligence operations, he contributed to modernizing U.S. Army capabilities. After retiring, he engaged in veterans' advocacy and authored articles on military history. Deane passed away in 2013, remembered as a decorated and influential general.

Suharto was born in 1921 and rose through the military ranks to help suppress the 1965 coup attempt, becoming acting president in 1967. He established the 'New Order' regime, focusing on economic development, political stability, and anti-communism. Under his leadership from 1967 to 1998, Indonesia experienced rapid growth and modernization, but his tenure was also marked by corruption, human rights abuses, and nepotism. Suharto resigned amid financial crisis and popular protests, ending one of Asia's longest-serving presidencies. He died in 2008, leaving a controversial legacy that continues to shape Indonesian politics.

William Calley is a former United States Army lieutenant most infamous for his conviction related to the My Lai Massacre in 1968. He was accused of leading troops who killed hundreds of unarmed Vietnamese civilians. In 1971, Calley was found guilty of murder for his actions and initially sentenced to life in prison. His sentence was later reduced, and he served under house arrest before release. Calley's case remains a focal point in discussions about military ethics and accountability. He has since kept a low profile, and his legacy continues to prompt debate about wartime conduct.