June 05

Karl Robert Eduard von Hartmann was born in Berlin in 1842 and became a leading voice in German philosophy. His landmark book 'Philosophy of the Unconscious' (1869) explored the role of the unconscious mind in shaping reality. Hartmann synthesized ideas from Hegel, Schopenhauer, and Eastern thought to craft a novel metaphysical system. He wrote extensively on ethics, religion, and social issues, engaging in public intellectual debates. His ideas influenced later existential and depth psychologists, though critics challenged his speculative approach. Hartmann died in Munich in 1906, remembered as a provocative thinker bridging idealism and psychology.

Arthur Biram was a German-born philologist and philosopher who emigrated to Palestine in 1934. He founded the Herzliya Hebrew Gymnasium, laying foundations for modern Hebrew education. Biram authored influential works on linguistics, ethics, and Jewish thought. His academic leadership helped shape intellectual life in pre-state Israel. Biram's legacy lives on through generations of scholars inspired by his commitment to language and culture.