Lady Banks' Rose
Banksia Rose White Lady Banks

Scientific Name: Rosa banksiae
Family: Rosaceae

Flower Language

  • first love
  • happy childhood times
  • purity

Characteristics

Colors: yellow

Description

Mokkou-bara is a climbing shrub native to China in the Rosaceae family, introduced to Japan during the mid-Edo period. It blooms many small flowers 2-3cm in diameter in clusters from April to May. Easy to handle due to lack of thorns, with both yellow and white flowering varieties. Vines can extend over 10m and are enjoyed trained on fences and arches. Lightly fragrant, disease-resistant and easy to grow.

Trivia

  • Named 'Lady Banks' Rose' after the wife of British botanist Joseph Banks
  • A specimen in America is registered in Guinness records as the world's largest rose
  • Main horticultural varieties are single white and double yellow flowering types
  • Historic flower cultivated in China for over 1000 years

Uses

Ornamental
  • Trained as climbers on fences and arches
  • Climbing roses for wall greening
  • Used as ground cover
Medicinal
  • Flowers used as 'muxiang flower' in traditional Chinese medicine for qi and blood harmony
  • Believed to have anti-inflammatory effects in folk medicine

Caution: Effects in modern medicine unconfirmed, use for ornamental purposes is recommended

Culinary
  • petals
  • young leaves
Other
  • Production of rose water
  • Material for potpourri and dried flowers
  • Petals used as natural dye

Toxicity

Symptoms: Generally non-toxic with edible petals, but choose pesticide-free horticultural varieties

Sweet William
Dianthus Barbatus Bunch Pink

Scientific Name: Dianthus barbatus
Family: Caryophyllaceae

Flower Language

  • you are perfect
  • gallantry
  • bravery

Characteristics

Colors: red

Description

Bijonadesico is a biennial plant native to Europe in the Caryophyllaceae family, belonging to the same Dianthus genus as carnations. It blooms fragrant small flowers densely clustered in umbrella-like formations from May to July. Flower colors are abundant including red, pink, white, and multicolored, and with a height of about 60cm, it is often used as cut flowers. In Britain, beloved as 'Sweet William' and a staple plant of cottage gardens.

Trivia

  • English name 'Sweet William' is said to derive from Saint William or a person's name from Shakespeare's era
  • Particularly fragrant among Caryophyllaceae, with stronger scent in the evening
  • Seeds can naturally self-sow, allowing enjoyment the following year once planted
  • Popular as flowers to give to lovers in medieval Europe

Uses

Ornamental
  • Main plant in flower beds from spring to summer
  • Can be enjoyed as cut flowers for long periods
  • Cottage garden style landscapes
Medicinal
  • Used as heart tonic in European folk medicine
  • Currently not used medicinally

Caution: Effects in modern medicine unconfirmed, use for ornamental purposes is recommended

Culinary
  • petals
Other
  • Long-term preservation as dried flowers
  • Material for potpourri utilizing fragrance
  • Petals used as natural dye

Toxicity

Toxicity Level: Mild

Toxic Parts: whole plant (trace amounts)

Symptoms: May cause mild gastrointestinal upset if consumed in large quantities, but no problem with normal ornamental use

Cudweed
Jersey Cudweed Cotton Rose

Scientific Name: Gnaphalium affine
Family: Asteraceae

Flower Language

  • always thinking of you
  • unconditional love
  • warm feelings

Characteristics

Colors: yellow

Description

Hahakogusa is an annual plant native to Asia in the Asteraceae family, beloved since ancient times as one of the seven spring herbs called 'gogyo'. It blooms small yellow flower heads densely clustered from March to May. The entire plant is covered with white hairs, especially the undersides of leaves appear white with cotton-like hairs. A familiar wild plant commonly seen along roadsides and around fields, with young leaves used as food.

Trivia

  • The name 'mother-child grass' comes from the appearance of white cotton-like hairs resembling a child embraced by mother
  • Called 'gogyo' in seven spring herbs, coming from ancient word meaning 'human form'
  • Known as an Asteraceae plant that doesn't cause hay fever
  • Also called 'Hōkogusa' during the Edo period

Uses

Ornamental
  • Natural presentation in wildflower gardens
  • Long-term preservation as dried flowers
  • Used as material for pressed flowers
Medicinal
  • Used for cough relief and phlegm removal in traditional Chinese medicine
  • Believed to regulate gastrointestinal health in folk medicine
  • Used externally for treating cuts and bruises

Caution: Medicinal use should be under professional guidance, avoid self-medication

Culinary
  • young leaves
  • stem tips
Other
  • Yellow pigment extracted as natural dye
  • Ecological role as food plant for insects
  • Believed to have soil improvement effects

Toxicity

Symptoms: Generally non-toxic and edible, but be careful about the environment where harvested

Fritillaria
Checkered Lily Crown Imperial

Scientific Name: Fritillaria verticillata
Family: Liliaceae

Flower Language

  • talent
  • dignified appearance
  • humility

Characteristics

Colors: purple

Description

Baimo is a perennial plant native to China in the Liliaceae family, introduced to Japan as a medicinal plant during the Edo period. It blooms pale purple or white bell-shaped flowers facing downward from March to April. The inside of the flowers has a beautiful net-like pattern, giving a very elegant impression. The bulbs are used in traditional Chinese medicine as 'beimu' for cough relief and phlegm removal. It is also valued as tea ceremony flowers and a representative spring flower.

Trivia

  • The name 'baimu (shell mother)' comes from bulbs splitting into two like bivalve shells
  • Treated as one of the 'highest rank tea flowers' in tea ceremony
  • Records show medicinal use in China for over 2000 years
  • Net patterns inside flowers differ by individual, unique like fingerprints

Uses

Ornamental
  • Most important flower material for tea ceremony
  • Early spring presentation in Japanese-style gardens
  • Collection plants for mountain wildflower enthusiasts
Medicinal
  • Bulbs used as 'beimu' in traditional Chinese medicine
  • Believed to have cough suppression, phlegm removal, and fever reduction effects
  • Used for treating bronchitis and pneumonia

Caution: Medicinal use should be under professional guidance, amateur use is dangerous

Culinary

Bulbs are for medicinal use only, not suitable for consumption, avoid ingestion

Other
  • Can be enjoyed as cut flowers for short periods
  • Used as material for pressed flowers
  • Used in academic research as plant specimens

Toxicity

Toxicity Level: Moderate

Toxic Parts: bulbs, whole plant

Symptoms: Bulb consumption may cause poisoning symptoms including vomiting, diarrhea, and breathing difficulties