March 04

Born into the Polish nobility in 1634. He studied philosophy and theology before embracing a radical form of atheism. In his clandestine treatise 'De non existentia Dei' (1682), he challenged the existence of God. Arrested for heresy in 1688, he endured a highly publicized trial in Warsaw. Sentenced to death, Łyszczyński was executed in 1689 for his controversial views. His writings, circulated clandestinely, influenced later Enlightenment thinkers.

Born in Dijon in 1770, Jacotot served as a professor of languages before refining his innovative teaching approach in Belgium. His 'Universal Method' proposed that all students possess equal intelligence and can teach themselves with minimal guidance. In 1818, he published 'Enseignement universel,' outlining techniques to emancipate learners through self-study and peer education. His ideas sparked debates across Europe and influenced progressive educational reformers throughout the 19th century. Jacotot’s legacy endures in modern pedagogical theories emphasizing autonomy and lifelong learning.

Elme Marie Caro (March 4, 1826 – January 23, 1887) was a prominent French philosopher and professor noted for his studies in moral and religious philosophy. He served as a professor at the Sorbonne and contributed to leading intellectual journals of his time. Caro authored influential works such as 'L'Idée de Dieu selon la conscience humaine' and 'Les erreurs de la philosophie au XIXe siècle'. He was admired for his clear writing style and efforts to reconcile faith and reason in modern thought. His critiques of positivism and materialism shaped the philosophical debates of 19th-century France. Caro's legacy endures through his deep exploration of ethics, faith, and human consciousness.