February 12

On February 12, 1909, the SS Penguin departed Picton bound for Wellington with passengers and cargo on board. Shortly after entering Wellington Harbour, a fire broke out in the engine room, rapidly spreading through the vessel. The ferry sank and then exploded, adding to the chaos and hampering rescue efforts. Official reports estimated that over 70 lives were lost in the tragedy. Survivors faced frigid waters and limited lifeboats, leading to a harrowing rescue operation. The disaster prompted a thorough investigation into marine safety standards and led to stricter regulations for passenger vessels. Memorials in Wellington honour those who perished and serve as a reminder of the event's impact on New Zealand maritime history.

Designed by architect Eero Saarinen, the Gateway Arch was intended to commemorate westward expansion in the United States. Work commenced with the excavation of the foundations on the riverbank of the Mississippi. Engineers faced challenges in constructing the tall, curved stainless-steel sections that form the arch's iconic shape. The project symbolized modern architectural ambition and became a centerpiece of urban renewal for St. Louis. Over four years, workers assembled the legs and connected the keystone at the apex, completing the tallest man-made monument in the U.S. The Gateway Arch has since become an enduring symbol of the 'Gateway to the West' and a popular tourist destination.