Rose
Garden Rose

Scientific Name: Rosa hybrida
Family: Rosaceae

Flower Language

  • Jealousy
  • Friendship
  • Peace

Characteristics

Colors: Yellow

Description

A group of Rosaceae plants native to various parts of the world, with yellow varieties being relatively new. The first yellow rose was 'Soleil d'Or' created in 1900 by French breeder Joseph Pernet-Ducher, born from crossing 'Antoine Ducher' seedling with wild species 'Rosa fetida.' Yellow roses have complex flower languages, carrying both positive meanings like 'friendship' and 'peace' and negative ones like 'jealousy' and 'fading love.' Currently cherished as Father's Day gifts and flowers expressing friendship, their bright colors brighten gardens.

Trivia

  • 'Soleil d'Or' in 1900 became starting point for yellow rose variety development
  • Developing yellow hybrid tea varieties was major challenge for 19th-century horticulture
  • Yellow roses tend to have stronger fragrance than other colored roses
  • Thousands of yellow rose varieties now exist

Uses

Ornamental
  • Ornamental cultivation in gardens
  • Cut flower use
  • Bouquets and decorative purposes
Medicinal
  • Rose hips: vitamin C-rich health tea
  • Petals: cosmetics and aromatherapy
  • Rose oil: skin care

Caution: Avoid medicinal/culinary use of pesticide-treated roses

Culinary
  • Petals
  • Rose hips (fruits)
Other
  • Major ingredient in perfume industry
  • Use in cosmetics industry
  • Dried flower production

Toxicity

Symptoms: Generally safe but watch for thorn injuries

Himalayan Saxifrage
Elephant's Ear Bergenia

Scientific Name: Bergenia stracheyi
Family: Saxifragaceae

Flower Language

  • Hidden Feelings
  • Adaptability
  • Perseverance

Characteristics

Colors:

Description

An evergreen perennial of the Saxifragaceae family native to the Himalayas at 3900-4500m elevation. Introduced to Japan in the Meiji period, it's now cherished as a flower announcing spring's arrival. Large cabbage-like leaves 10-20cm long spread in rosette formation, with beautiful pink flowers in compound inflorescences from February to April. Extremely cold-hardy and valued as ground cover. The flower language 'hidden feelings' derives from blooming charming flowers in early spring without withering under snow, while 'adaptability' represents its hardiness in adapting to harsh environments. Once planted, it grows with minimal care, making it suitable for beginners.

Trivia

  • English name 'Elephant's Ear' comes from large leaf shape
  • Grows in extreme environments up to 4500m elevation in Himalayas
  • Representative alpine plant introduced to Japan by Meiji-era botanists
  • Once established, continues blooming in same location for decades

Uses

Ornamental
  • Ground cover planting
  • Rock garden use
  • Early spring cut flowers
Medicinal
  • Currently not used medicinally
  • Traditionally used for wound treatment in Himalayan regions
  • Mainly ornamental purposes only

Caution: Medical use not recommended

Culinary

Not used for culinary purposes

Other
  • Environmental indicator plant
  • Cold region greening
  • Horticultural therapy material

Toxicity

Symptoms: Generally considered safe

Daphne
Winter Daphne Fragrant Daphne

Scientific Name: Daphne odora
Family: Thymelaeaceae

Flower Language

  • Glory
  • Immortality
  • Eternity

Characteristics

Colors:

Description

An evergreen shrub of the Thymelaeaceae family native to southern China, cultivated in Japan since the Muromachi period. One of the three great fragrant trees along with spring daphne, summer gardenia, and autumn osmanthus. From February to April, it produces 10-20 thick flowers with purple-red exterior and pure white interior in hemispherical clusters at branch tips, emitting strong fragrance. Named because flower fragrance resembles agarwood and cross-shaped flowers resemble cloves. Growing 1-1.5m tall, it naturally maintains round form with minimal pruning needed. Dislikes transplanting and easily dies if roots are damaged, so planting location must be chosen carefully. All parts are toxic and require careful handling.

Trivia

  • Named because fragrance resembles agarwood and shape resembles cloves
  • Earliest blooming among three great fragrant trees (daphne, gardenia, osmanthus)
  • Very sensitive to transplanting, said 'won't bloom for three years after transplanting'
  • Bark fiber historically used as raw material for Japanese paper

Uses

Ornamental
  • Garden tree planting
  • Ornamental plant for fragrance enjoyment
  • Hedge use
Medicinal
  • Currently not used medicinally due to toxicity
  • Records of external medicine use in ancient China
  • Currently prohibited due to danger

Caution: Medical use strictly prohibited due to strong toxicity throughout plant

Culinary

Not edible due to toxicity

Other
  • Research for fragrance industry use
  • Horticultural variety development
  • Use as landscape plant

Toxicity

Toxicity Level: Severe

Toxic Parts: All parts (especially bark, roots, fruits), Sap, Seeds

Symptoms: Ingestion causes severe diarrhea, vomiting, cardiac disorders, and can be fatal in severe cases