January 10

Christian August Crusius was born in 1715 in Leipzig and studied theology at the University of Leipzig. He became a professor of moral philosophy and theology at his alma mater. Crusius was a vocal critic of Leibnizian-Wolffian rationalism, advocating a more empirical approach. He wrote extensively on ethics, free will, and the authority of Scripture. His works sparked important debates in German universities and challenged established thought. Crusius’ emphasis on moral responsibility influenced later philosophers, including Immanuel Kant. He died in 1775, leaving a reputation as a bold and original thinker in Enlightenment Germany.

Francesc Ferrer i Guàrdia was born in Alella, Spain in 1859. He studied philosophy and developed progressive educational theories. In 1901, he founded La Escuela Moderna in Barcelona, promoting rationalism and secularism. His methods aimed to liberate students from authoritarianism and religious dogma. Accused of inciting rebellion, he was executed in 1909, sparking international protests. His ideas influenced libertarian education movements around the world.

Robinson Jeffers was born in Pennsylvania but made his home on the rugged California coast, where he built the stone house known as Tor House. His poetry reflects a deep fascination with nature's beauty and indifference, exploring humanity's place in the natural world. Jeffers developed a philosophy called 'Inhumanism,' advocating a cosmic perspective beyond human concerns. His major works include the poems 'The Tower Beyond Tragedy' and 'Cawdor.' Jeffers' vivid imagery and moral seriousness influenced later generations of poets. He taught at various colleges but preferred solitude for his creative work. Throughout his career, Jeffers challenged conventions with his uncompromising worldview and lyrical power, earning him a lasting place in American letters.