January 09

Martyrs' Day marks the tragic events of January 9, 1964, when university students protesting US control of the Panama Canal Zone lost their lives. The incident sparked national outrage and fueled Panama's long struggle for sovereignty over the Canal. Commemorations include memorial ceremonies at the University of Panama and speeches by public officials. The day honors the courage and sacrifice of young Panamanians who became symbols of national identity and pride. Each year, wreaths are laid at the Panama Monument, and educational programs highlight the historical impact of the events. Martyrs' Day remains a poignant reminder of the cost of freedom and the enduring quest for self-determination.

Day of Republika Srpska commemorates the January 9, 1992, declaration establishing the Serb entity amid the breakup of Yugoslavia. Although the holiday is contentious and not recognized by all of Bosnia and Herzegovina, it remains a symbol of Serb identity. Official ceremonies include flag-raising events and cultural programs in Banja Luka, the entity's administrative center. Supporters view the day as a celebration of heritage, while critics note its disputed legal status and calls for unity. The holiday reflects the complex history and ongoing dialogues around federal structure and ethnic relations in Bosnia. It serves as a focal point for both commemoration and debate over past conflicts and future reconciliation.