January 09
Overview
Holidays & Observances
Christianfeast day:
Adrian of Canterbury, Berhtwald, Feast of the Black Nazarene(Manila, Philippines), Philip II, Metropolitan of Moscow, Julia Chester Emery(Episcopal Church (USA)), Stephen(old calendarEastern Orthodox), January 9 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
A liturgical observance honoring several Christian saints such as Adrian of Canterbury, Berhtwald, Stephen, and others.
Start ofHōonkō (Nishi Honganji)January 9–16 (Jōdo ShinshūBuddhism)
The annual Jōdo Shinshū Buddhist memorial service honoring founder Shinran Shōnin.
Martyrs' Day (Panama)
Commemorates the students killed in 1964 clashes over the Panama Canal Zone sovereignty.
Non-Resident Indian Day(India)
Honors the contributions and achievements of the Indian diaspora worldwide.
Day of Republika Srpska(Republika Srpskaentity ofBosnia and Herzegovina, result of2016 Republika Srpska National Day referendum) (note: not celebrated and disputed in wider Bosnia and Herzegovina, having been declared unconstitutional in 2015)
Celebrates the founding of the Republika Srpska entity within Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Adrian of Canterbury
Honors Adrian of Canterbury, the 7th-century scholar-monk and abbot in early English Christianity.
Berhtwald
Commemorates Berhtwald, the Archbishop of Canterbury who shaped the English Church in the 8th century.
Feast of the Black Nazarene(Manila, Philippines)
A vibrant Catholic procession venerating a dark wooden statue of Jesus walking through Manila’s streets.
Philip II, Metropolitan of Moscow
Honors Saint Philip II, the 16th-century Metropolitan of Moscow known for his moral courage.
Events
Twelfth Council of Toledo: King Erwig of the Visigoths initiates a council in which he implements diverse measures against the Jews in Spain.
In 681, King Erwig convened the Twelfth Council of Toledo, enacting measures that targeted the Jewish community in Visigothic Spain.
An earthquake in Dingxiang, China kills an estimated 32,300.
A devastating earthquake struck Dingxiang in 1038, claiming over 32,000 lives.
Jin–Song Wars: Invading Jurchen soldiers from the Jin dynasty besiege and sack Bianjing (Kaifeng), the capital of the Song dynasty of China, and abduct Emperor Qinzong of Song and others, ending the Northern Song period.
In 1127, Jurchen forces sacked Kaifeng, capturing Emperor Qinzong and ending the Northern Song dynasty.
The Jewish population of Basel, believed by the residents to be the cause of the ongoing Black Death, is rounded up and incinerated.
In 1349, amid Black Death hysteria, Basel residents rounded up and incinerated the city's Jewish population.
The trial of Joan of Arc begins in Rouen.
The trial of Joan of Arc began in Rouen in 1431, leading to her eventual execution.
Sicily earthquake: The first of two earthquakes destroys parts of Sicily and Malta. After the second quake on 11 January, the death toll is estimated at between 60,000 and 100,000 people.
The first of two powerful earthquakes struck Sicily on January 9, 1693, devastating parts of Sicily and Malta.
Ahmad Shah Durrani defeats the Marathas in the Battle of Barari Ghat.
In 1760, Ahmad Shah Durrani defeated the Marathas at the Battle of Barari Ghat, solidifying his influence in northern India.
The nationally known image of the Black Nazarene in the Philippines was transferred from what is now Rizal Park to its present shrine in the minor basilica of Quiapo Church. This is annually commemorated through its Traslación (solemn transfer) in the streets of Manila and is attended by millions of devotees.
In 1787, the revered Black Nazarene image was transferred to Quiapo Church in Manila, beginning an annual Filipino devotion.
Connecticut becomes the fifth state to ratify the United States Constitution.
Connecticut became the fifth state to ratify the U.S. Constitution on January 9, 1788, strengthening the new federal government.
Births
Seventh emperor of the Tang Dynasty, ruling China from 762 until his death in 779. He implemented reforms to restore stability after the An Lushan Rebellion.
Hōjō Takatoki
Last shikken (regent) of the Kamakura shogunate, ruling Japan from 1316 to 1326. He presided over a period of political tension between the shogunate and the imperial court.
Juan Ramón Folch III de Cardona
Aragonese nobleman and admiral who led the Crown of Aragon’s Mediterranean fleet in the 15th century.
Head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 1621 to 1623.
Charles Bonaventure de Longueval
French nobleman and military commander who fought for Habsburg forces in the early Thirty Years’ War.
Simon Vouet
French Baroque painter who introduced Italian-inspired styles to the French court.
William Dugard
English printer and schoolmaster active during the tumult of the English Civil War.
Japanese empress who reigned from 1629 to 1643, one of the few female sovereigns in history.
Sir William Villiers
English baronet and Member of Parliament active during the Glorious Revolution.
Deaths
Adrian of Canterbury
African-born abbot and scholar who led the prominent monastery at Canterbury and shaped early medieval learning in England.
Tenth emperor of the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty who ruled northern China during a period of political consolidation and external challenges.
Abû 'Uthmân Sa'îd ibn Hakam al Qurashi
Last independent Muslim ruler of the taifa kingdom of Majorca who governed with cultural ties to the Almohad Caliphate.
Wen Tianxiang
Song dynasty general and scholar who became a symbol of loyalty and resistance during the Mongol conquest of China.
Giulia della Rena
Italian Franciscan tertiary noted for her deep piety, charitable works, and mystical experiences in 14th-century Siena.
Adam Moleyns
English bishop and royal administrator who served as Bishop of Chichester and fell victim to popular unrest during Jack Cade's Rebellion.
William Neville
English nobleman and soldier who fought for the House of York and was rewarded with the Earldom of Kent during the Wars of the Roses.
John Cicero
Elector of Brandenburg known for consolidating Hohenzollern rule and promoting administrative reforms in the late 15th century.
Demetrios Chalkokondyles
Renaissance humanist and scholar who introduced classical Greek literature to Western European universities.